摘要通常是研究论文的最后一部分,也是作者认为最具挑战性的部分。它需要经过精心打磨,以突出最重要的内容,其重要性不亚于标题。一个优秀的摘要可以提高论文被接受和引用的机会。
今天,让我们一起来深入了解一下英文摘要的写作技巧吧!
一、***bstract基本要求
题目要求
Title of the ***bstract: "Considerations for Formulating an ***ccurate, Concise, and Clear Title"
When drafting a title for an abstract, it is crucial to ensure accuracy, conciseness, and clarity. The title serves as a concise summary of the content and should effectively convey the main focus of the abstract. In order to achieve this, the following considerations should be taken into account:
(1)缩写词。除了广为人知的缩写词外,尽量避免使用缩写词。
(2)大小写。通常情况下,第一个词的首字母大写,其余的字母都是小写。
(3)标点符号。在题目中,我们通常只会使用少数几种标点符号,其中最常见的有冒号、破折号、逗号和连字符。有时候,我们也会使用问号、撇号以及斜线。其他标点符号则很少使用。
(4)Numbers. When using numbers as the beginning of a title, use English numerals instead of ***rabic numerals.
语言要求
Writing an abstract in English should adhere to the language conventions of English.
(1)在英文摘要的撰写中,通常使用动词不定式短语而不是完整句子来表达目的,例如"To determine..," "To examine…," "To assess…," "To investigate." 然而,在方法、结果和结论部分,应该使用完整的句子来进行描述。
(2)在英文摘要中,常用的时态有现在时、过去时和完成时。其中,最常用的是一般现在时和一般过去时,而现在完成时和过去完成时的使用较少。进行时态和其他复合时态在摘要中基本不常用。
(3)在摘要中,常见的语态有主动语态和被动语态。主动语态强调主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态则强调主语是动作的承受者。在摘要中使用不同的语态可以根据需要突出不同的信息或者改变句子结构,但要保持原文的意思不变。
标点符号
It is important to avoid using Chinese-specific punctuation marks, such as the full stop (。) and book title marks (《》), in an English abstract. Some punctuation marks may appear similar in Chinese and English, but they have subtle differences, such as the comma. These issues are easy to overlook but should be taken into consideration.
摘要中的缩写词
除了公知公认的缩写词不需要注明全称外,其他词在第一次出现时都需要注明全称。通常只有出现3次以上的词才有必要使用缩写。
二、***bstract结构
内容主要包含五部分
Background: Introducing the background of the research paper and describing the problems that previous studies have encountered, setting the stage for the author's attempt to address these issues.
In the field of research, it is essential to build upon existing knowledge and address the limitations and gaps in previous studies. This paper aims to contribute to the current body of knowledge by addressing the following problems identified in previous research.
Firstly, previous studies have often focused on a narrow scope, limiting the generalizability of their findings. This has resulted in a lack of comprehensive understanding of the topic at hand. In order to overcome this limitation, the present study takes a broader approach, considering multiple variables and their interrelationships.
Secondly, many previous studies have relied heavily on self-reported data, which may be subject to bias and inaccuracies. This compromises the validity and reliability of the findings. To address this issue, the current research incorporates objective measures and utilizes a diverse range of data sources to ensure the robustness of the results.
Lastly, previous studies have often neglected the temporal aspect of the phenomenon under investigation. This has hindered the ability to establish causal relationships and understand the dynamics over time. To overcome this limitation, the present study adopts a longitudinal design, allowing for the examination of changes and trends over an extended period.
By addressing these problems, this research paper aims to provide a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the topic. The findings of this study will not only contribute to the existing literature but also have practical implications for various fields and industries.
Objective(研究目的):阐明研究的目标或旨在解决的问题。
Research Methods: This section provides a brief overview of the research methods employed in the study, including the research subjects, data requirements, and procedures. It is important to note that the abstract has limited word count, so the description of the methods should be concise and not take up too much space.
实验结果是科学研究中非常重要的一部分,它能够直接反映出研究的成果和发现。通过实验,我们可以获得具体的数据和观察结果,从而验证或推翻研究假设。实验结果的准确性和可靠性对于科学研究的可信度至关重要。
然而,并非所有的研究都需要进行实验。有些研究可能是基于文献综述、调查问卷或模拟模型等方法进行的,这些研究可能没有直接的实验结果。在这种情况下,研究者需要清晰地阐述研究目的和研究结果,以便读者能够理解研究的价值和意义。
总之,实验结果是科学研究中的重要组成部分,它能够直接展示研究的成果和发现。对于没有实验的研究,研究者需要清晰地阐述研究目的和结果,以便读者能够全面理解研究的内容。
结论:本研究相对于之前的研究具有创新和独到的见解,同时提出了研究的价值和重要影响。
在本研究中,我们对某一特定领域的问题进行了深入的探索,并提出了一种新的解决方案。与之前的研究相比,我们的研究在以下几个方面具有创新和独到的见解。
首先,我们采用了一种全新的方法来解决该问题。这种方法结合了多种技术和理论,使得我们能够更全面地理解和解决该问题。通过这种方法,我们能够获得更准确和可靠的结果,从而为该领域的进一步研究提供了有力的支持。
其次,我们对该问题进行了深入的分析和研究。我们不仅仅局限于表面的现象和结果,而是深入挖掘了其中的原因和机制。通过对相关因素的综合考虑,我们能够更好地理解该问题的本质,并提出更有效的解决方案。
最后,我们的研究对该领域具有重要的价值和影响。首先,我们的研究填补了该领域的研究空白,为该领域的进一步发展提供了新的思路和方法。其次,我们的研究结果对相关行业和社会具有重要的应用价值,可以为决策者提供科学依据和参考。
综上所述,本研究相对于之前的研究具有创新和独到的见解,并具有重要的价值和影响。我们相信,本研究的结果将为该领域的发展和相关行业的进步做出积极贡献。
三、***bstract“五不要”
英文摘要“五不要”
①请避免使用带有个人情感色彩的词汇,如“乐观的”,“友好的”,“善良的”等。在摘要中,请不要包含作者的主观解释或评论,而是尽量客观地陈述事实。
请勿使用缩写或代称。在摘要中,首次出现的专业词汇应使用规范化的全称术语。
请避免在摘要中引用他人的文献,如果需要提供背景信息,可以在引言部分引用相关文献。
避免在摘要中过多涉及细节问题,如数学公式、图表、研究过程和例证等。这些内容应该在正文中进行详细论述,而不是在摘要中体现。
⑤在摘要中,应避免机械地重复文章题目中已经说明的信息或简单地对题目进行注解。相反,摘要应该补充题目中未提及但必要的信息。
四、***bstract写作模板
起承转合四步法
The fundamental mechanisms still lack comprehensive understanding/are still largely unknown.
To establish a clear definition of….., we conducted a series of experiments. In this study, we present our findings that…..
Interestingly, it is important to note that the results of the study were quite surprising.
合:Thus/Therefore/Consistently/We conclude that/We therefore pro-pose that/These data demonstrate/These data establish that/These results signify a critical role for/Overall, our data demonstrate that
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